Preliminary Design of Oil and Gas Pipelines for Feasibility Study Based on GIS technology and Remote Sensing Data

Ivan Mazur, Dr., Professor, President of RAO "ROSNEFTEGAZSTROY",
Leonid Vedeshin, Ph.D, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Victor Semyonov, Ph.D, Chief of the New Technology Department,
RAO "ROSNEFTEGAZSTROY" (Pipeline Engineering & Construction).
Moscow, Dzitnaya str., 14, Phone: 238-7401, Fax: (095) 238-6733

The report presents a technology for engineering of arterial oil and gas pipelines targeted at development of strategy to deliver hydrocarbons from deposits to consumers, and substantiation for construction funding.
This technology provides integrated processing of remotely sensed data and ground surveys, multidimensional modeling of complex natural and artificial structures for expert analysis aided by geographical information systems (GIS).
The initial experience of practical usage of this technology in the Eastern Siberia showed its high efficiency which comes out in design quality improvement together with a dramatic decrease in works duration and cost, achieving of higher accuracy of technical and economic calculations for development of business plans.
Also. possibility was shown to use this technology for automation of regional management of oil and gas complexes.
There were presented results of comparison of several GIS technologies and expert systems including ArcInfo and ArcView GIS.

Abstracts

Integration of traditional and modern technologies of remote sensing data analysis for environmental applications (thematic mapping, natural resources study, ecological assessment, monitoring and environment protection) and GIS has an enormous potential and vast perspective.
Basic principles of Automated Management of Territories (Industrial Ecomanagement) are described. The technology is based on the use of high resolution (5-8 m) multispectral space-taken photos, 'Vmow-how" their interpretation and expert analysis for environmental applications.

Automated Management of Territories (AMT) technology.

AMT technology is based on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems for data acquisition, storage, processing, expert analysis and decision making. They are:

° Expert GIS Systems for

• remote sensing image recognition, interpretation and expert analysis,
• lands, waters, vegetation classification, zoning and assessment,
• analysis of complicated structures,
• ecological impact assessment;
  

• Cartographic Data Bases (thematic maps),
• Territorial-distributed Data Bases (statistical and other data),
• Knowledge Bases (image-site sampling with ground survey proof),
• Space-temporal and spectral analysis.
  

• Mathematical-cartographic modelling to support decisions.

which covers the following:
1.1. CompIex (comprehensive) thematic (ecological) mapping using space, aerial and ground survey data, existing thematic and topographic maps, knowledge bases, etc.
1.2. Integrated data processing and Expert Analysis.
1.3. Systemic-structural organization of GIS data bank which means ordering of the information storage in space/time on the principal of continuous accumulation, updating and hierarchical arrangement.
1.4. Systemic-structural generalization of cartographic information (summing-up, classification and induction) or preservation of most important elements.
1.5. Establishment of a system of standard cartographic products classification.
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2. Inventory mapping

°Inventory of Lands (soil, vegetation, forests).
°Inventory of Waters (fresh, salt, silt load and ground waters; rivers, lakes, delineation of melioration fields, etc.).
°Inventory of Infrastructure.
°Inventory of Bioresources.
°International and major subdivision boundaries (exclusive economic zones, administrative areas of territorial waters, state/territory fisheries zones, zones of total ban on fishing, etc.).
°Fish breading rivers and sites, fish inspection and fish monitoring stations, fish breading plants.
3. Coastal zones mapping and study:

° Mapping (coastlines, land forms, tide-influence areas, soil, vegetation, wetland, sand dunes, etc.).
°Monitoring of seasonal variation of coast lines.
°Shelf and shallow waters study (microrelief, sediments, vegetation, algae, sea currents and watercourses, watershed, regeneration flow, overflow, etc.).
°Flood control of the river and sea area begins with the accurate mapping of the main beds of all water courses and local land use/landcover. These maps can be used to site and plan control works, simulate flood impact, prepare contingency plans, and if disaster strike, to assess damage and draw up reconstruction strategies.
4. Establishment of a system of standard cartGgFSpx4< products classification by:

°forms (digital or electronic maps, orthophotos or photomaps, DTM, etc.);
°groups (base maps, maps of dynamics, maps of anthropogenic violation, ecological maps, prognostic and recommendation maps);
°types (complex- or multipurpose-use maps and component maps);
° content (lands, waters, soil, vegetation, forestry, bioresources, ecological geography, geoecology, geomorphology, etc.)

Base map describes the initial state of geoecosystem (topography, landscapes, geology, geomorphology, hydrology, geobotanics, soil, etc.).

Map of dynamics reflects changing processes. Millions of pictures obtained from space during last 25 years are widelv used to create maps of dynamics.

Anthropogenic violation and environment pollution maps reflect surface and underground water conditions, all kinds of anthropogenic changes with the following classification: natural origin, nature-antlsropogenic origin, anthropogenic origin. These maps are often called as ecological maps, ecological conditions maps or ecological situations maps.

Prognostic and recommendation maps are creating in the result of cartographic modelling and expert analysis which consists of the following processes: image interpretation, description by maps, 3D or 4D modelling and cartographic study.