Tiffany L. Turner, MCP and Rick T. Bowers, PE
ArcIMS – The Solution to Streamlining Data Collection,
Modeling, Planning and Design.
ABSTRACT
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has found that
sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs), caused by poor sewer collection system
management, pose a substantial health and environmental challenge in our
country. The City of Clearwater, Florida (the City) is one of the first
municipalities in the country to conduct an audit of their sanitary sewer system
under the mandated Management, Operations and Maintenance (MOM) Program. To
assist the city, TBE Group (TBE) and Business Technologies of Central Florida,
Inc. (BTCFI) are developing a pilot ArcIMS application to streamline data
collection, modeling, planning and design efforts of the sanitary sewer system.
The application allows field technicians, surveyors and engineers to review,
comment and redline the sanitary sewer data on-line.
BACKGROUND
Under the MOM Program, EPA Region 4 asks permitted wastewater
utilities, and any associated satellite utilities, to perform a detailed audit
of the management, operation, and maintenance programs associated with their
facilities. Participants provide a report, which includes the audit results, any
improvements that can be made, and any schedules necessary to make those
improvements. By self-disclosing any needed improvements, the participants can
be eligible for significantly less, and in some cases eliminated, civil
penalties while under a remediation schedule, often their own. The ultimate goal
of the MOM Program is to eliminate SSOs from the collection system.
EPA asks that the owners of the permitted wastewater
utilities inventory and map its collection system and plant service areas to
include at a minimum,
- Gravity lines: Linear feet by diameter
- Manholes: Number
- Pump stations: Number by type
- Fore Mains: Linear feet by diameter
- Air release valves: Number and location
- Inverted syphons: Number and location
- Other major appurtenances: Number and location
- Service population: By facility service area
GIS, Esri's ARC/INFO and ArcIMS, is the perfect tool to perform this task.
The City
elected to perform a self-audit of its sanitary sewer system to comply with EPA’s
MOM Program. TBE and its sub-consultants were tasked to
- Collect and review all available digital and
hardcopy information on the wastewater collection, transmission and
treatment systems
- Collect rainfall and flow meter data and perform smoke tests
on the collection system to locate the defects and illegal connections
- Develop a calibrated hydraulic model of the
City’s sanitary sewer system and run various storm events to see where
SSOs were occurring because of restrictions in the system
- Design cures for the SSOs
- Develop detailed GIS datasets, atlas sheets,
and an ArcIMS application to facilitate the inventorying, modeling,
planning, and design efforts of the wastewater system
The City of Clearwater is located in
central Pinellas County, Florida, on Florida’s west coast as shown to
the right. The City’s wastewater system consists of approximately 388
miles of gravity sewer and force main piping, 8,500 manholes, 75 pumping
stations and three (3) advanced wastewater treatment facilities (AWTF).
Shape files of all these systems were created and imported into ArcIMS.
INTRODUCTION
ArcIMS is the latest commercial-off-the-shelf internet GIS software
provided by Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri). This
software allows the developer to serve complex mapping and querying tools on-line
without customized programming.
ArcIMS is comprised of four on-line "wizards":
Administrator, Designer, Author and Manager. These
"wizards" provide the developer with quick point and click
routines that create your on-line GIS application, as opposed to weeks of
customized and labor intensive programming. Additionally, ArcIMS has the flexibility to
allow customized programming through JavaScript. In short, the power
of ArcIMS lies in its ability to quickly integrate your on-line GIS with
the rest of your web site that uses other common internet programming
languages, revolutionizing web-enabled GIS applications.
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The sections that follow discuss the situation and approach of each component of
the City's Sanitary Sewer Evaluation Master Plan (SSEMP) and MOM project, data collection, modeling, planning and design, and the pilot ArcIMS
application developed to assist with these efforts.
DATA COLLECTION
The challenge of any large and complex modeling, planning and
design project is to collect reliable data and compile a complete database. This
was the case for the City’s SSEMP and MOM
project. The project team started with reliable digital files documenting the
system network location. The pipe invert and rim elevations, pipe diameter, pump
station and other key pieces of data needed for hydraulic modeling was
approximately 40 percent complete. Knowing a more complete database was needed
to develop a reliable calibrated hydraulic model and eventually a master plan,
TBE and BTCFI developed a pilot ArcIMS application to assist the project team
with collecting and completing the sanitary sewer database in an effective and
timely manner.
Historically, municipal surveyors and field technicians use
conventional surveying techniques to gather field data. This process can be time
consuming and possibly unreliable depending upon how many people handle the data
and varying interpretations. This is where the ArcIMS application comes into
play. The surveyors and field technicians can view and input the sanitary sewer
data on-line. The approach includes:
- Obtain equipment and verify services prior to going into the field. These include:
- Global Positioning System (GPS) unit
- Laptop with modem
- Internet connection via cell phone
- Internet Service Provider
- Web cam
- Digital camera
- Access the city’s ArcIMS web site. The figure below presents the home page.
The home page functions include:
- Zoom
- Pan
- Identify
- Query
- Find
- MapNotes (redlining and notes)
- Edit Notes (discussion tool only)
- Hyperlink to data input forms
- Measure
- Scale
- Mapextent
- Print
- Save
- Layer Control
These functions are standard ArcIMS tools and setup via the Designer
wizard.
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- Input data on pipes, manholes, lift stations and pumps using the data
input forms on-line. A sample of the data input forms is shown to the
right.
BTCFI customized the ArcIMS application to allow the user to input data,
calculate results and submit the final data to the project team for review
and approval on-line. This customized programming was written in PHP,
a powerful open-source scripting language commonly used with on-line
relational database applications.
The ArcIMS home page, as described above, has a customized button
which allows the user to access the data input forms. The
"Pump Station Data and Drawdown Report" input form displays
any available data on the pump station residing in the external
database, as well as allows field staff to input new or updated data and
submit it to the web server for review and approval. One of the
nice features of this form is that it shows a schematic of the
pump station configuration providing valuable information to the field
crews and engineers viewing the forms and information on-line.
The "Pipe Database Input Form for Hydraulic Model" and
"Manhole Database Input Form for Hydraulic Model" (not shown
because of similarities) has
similar functionality as the "Pump Station Data and Drawdown
Report" form in that it displays data on a pipe residing in the
external database and excepts data input. The data is sent to the
web server for review and approval by a GIS Administrator and Engineer.
The "Pump Input Data Form" has the same functionality as
the "Pump Station Data and Drawdown Report" form as described
above. A unique feature with this form is that the pump curves for
each pump in the pump station is displayed. If any data on a pump
is updated , the pump curves will have to be regenerated.
Again, the web application allows the surveyor, field technician or engineer
to input the survey and field investigation results into the data input
form, calculate the remaining fields, and review the results
on-line. The completed data input form is submitted over the
internet to the web server where the results are reviewed in the office by
a GIS Administrator and Engineer. Once the data has been
reviewed and approved, the sanitary sewer database is updated by a click
of a button.
Another important function of the city’s ArcIMS web site is the MapNotes or redlining
tool as shown to the right.
If the surveyors or field technicians are on-line looking at the collection system configuration
and discover something different in the field, they can redline the piping configuration on the screen
and submit the changes via the web to the project team – making it easy and timely for the GIS technician
to update the pipe layer. If any questions arise about the redline changes, the project team can
post notes or questions on the web site.
The ability to provide real-time field information
provides the team with timely and correct data, gets the data into the
database quicker, and provides the team with a permanent digital record of
the field notes. For example, before the ArcIMS application went on-line,
it took 2 to 4 weeks for the surveyors to submit the survey data and field
notes to the project team. Once on-line, the surveyors could submit the
survey data daily in a digital format. These are just a few of the
benefits using ArcIMS to gather field data and share information with the
project team.
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MODELING, PLANNING AND DESIGN
The ArcIMS application allows the engineers to view, query
and comment on the hydraulic modeling results, planning and design cures
on-line. The GIS-compatible hydraulic model was populated with the data gathered
and compiled from the process discussed above. The model was calibrated from the
flow meter data recorded in the field. The results were saved to a shapefile and
loaded into the ArcIMS application for review, query and comment by the
engineers and city.
By having the results of the hydraulic model on-line, this
allows the engineers to see the results immediately; therefore, expediting the
planning and design cures for the SSOs in the system. The ArcIMS application
also allows the city to view the project’s progress on a daily basis.
CONCLUSION
The continuing advancements in computer technology is greatly
impacting the GIS and engineering fields. With the popularity and familiarity of
the internet, ArcIMS will become commonplace. Municipalities, using ArcIMS and
its associated applications on the web, will
- Increase data integrity
- Improve communications and reduce the amount of time it takes to collect field data
- Collect and review real-time data for data collection, modeling, planning and design cures
- Calculate and update databases with a click of a mouse
- Reduce hardware, software and training costs by using one application via the web
- Have the ability to view a project’s progress daily
- Have an easy-to-use point and click data viewing and querying system
- Save time and money
Lastly, the applications developed with this pilot ArcIMS
project can easily be modified and used for other infrastructure systems, such
as potable water, stormwater management, reclaimed water, and roadways. The
power of the internet and continuing advancements with ArcIMS will one day allow
surveyors, technicians and engineers to gather data, model, plan and design
cures for SSOs on-line.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank the City of Clearwater, Public Works
Administration, Utilities and Engineering Department staff for all of their help
and support with this project. We especially thank:
Mahshid Arasteh, PE – Public Works Administrator
Kevin Becotte, PE – Utilities Director
Tom Mahony – GIS Manager
REFERENCES
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, POTW MOM
Programs Project, June 1, 1999.
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, Guide for
Conducting Evaluations of Municipal Wastewater Collection System MOM
Programs, October 30, 1996.
AUTHOR INFORMATION
Tiffany L. Turner, MCP
Project Manager
Business Technologies, Inc.
111 Bullard Parkway, Suite 205
Tampa, Florida 33617
(813) 989-2136
(813) 985-9985 – Fax
tif@tampabay.rr.com
Rick T. Bowers, PE
Director of GIS
TBE Group, Inc.
18167 US 19 N, Suite 550
Clearwater, Florida 33764
(727) 531-3505
1(800) 861-8314
(727) 539-1294 – Fax
rbowers@tbegrp.com
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