Over the past few decades native California salmonid populations and habitat rapidly declined. In order to help restore the fishery, the California Department of Fish and Game established standard protocols for assessing fish populations and habitat. The ArcInfo Dynamic Segmentation process associates fish habitat data with existing stream data. Arc Macro Language scripts were developed to correct stream data and create route topology. Using ArcView software, remote field personnel can perform spatial analysis with the habitat data. From Oregon to Sonoma County, 290 salmonid spawning streams (766 miles of stream) have been surveyed and georeferenced using this protocol. Spatial habitat data in the hands of regional biologists improves the salmonid habitat restoration site evaluation and/or selection process.
The California Department of Fish and Game (DFG), in association with other State, Federal and local agencies, has documented the decline of native salmonid (primarily steelhead, coho, chinook) populations over the past few decades. _An Environmental Tragedy_ (1971) identifies an 80 percent, 65 percent and 64 percent decline in North Coast California steelhead, coho and chinook runs, respectively. Since 1954, California's north coast has seen an 80 percent decline in steelhead and trout (CA Advisory Committee on Salmon and Steelhead Trout, 1988). The decline of these species is primarily due to the loss of key spawning and rearing habitat or the inability of fish to get to spawning habitat.
Realizing the important role salmon and steelhead play in California's economy and ecological health (Advisory Committee on Salmon and Steelhead Trout 1986), the State of California passed legislation that requires DFG to restore the states salmon and trout fisheries. The Sport Fishing Act (Dingell-Johnson Act) and the Bosco-Keene Assembly Bill 951 (1981), combined with permit fees, licenses and taxes on sporting goods, provides funding for DFG's Anadromous Fish Program. In 1991 biologists and habitat specialists in the Anadromous Fisheries Habitat restoration Program wrote the California Salmonid Stream Habitat Restoration Manual. The manual describes a standard methodology and data base structure for restoring fish habitat on salmonid streams in California.
The first step in the Salmonid Habitat Restoration Manual is to complete a Watershed Assessment. Researching historical records, maps and other data, biologists assess basic information on 1) past, present and potential habitat and fish production 2) water quality and quantity 3) future study assessment needs and 4) future restoration potential.
The second step in the Habitat Manual requires a stream habitat inventory achieved through instream field data collection. The habitat inventory is a hierarchical method of stream channel (Rosgen 1994) and habitat typing (variation of Bisson et al. 1982). Channel typing classifies morphological features of relatively long reaches (a mile or more) while habitat typing classifies instream pool, flatwater and riffle habitat units (10 to 60 feet long). Physical data fish shelter, spawning suitability, erosion potential and barriers are measured in each habitat unit. All surveys start at the stream confluence and stop at the end of anadromy. The result is the delineation of habitat units in terms of quantitative physical attributes. Compiled in habitat tables, inventories provide the basis for evaluation and monitoring (See Appendix for the list of data sampled).
The third step in the Habitat Manual is to perform a bioinventory of fish and other aquatic resources within a stream. The Habitat Manual illustrates standard fish sampling methods.
By summarizing data acquired in the first three steps biologists can determine if restoration is necessary. The last three steps of the Habitat Manual, Project Planning, Implementation, and Monitoring/Evaluation, explains the necessary requirements for establishing restoration sites. Funding, necessary materials, construction, project evaluation, and monitoring procedures are all discussed in these chapters.
Using a relational data base, Dynamic Segmentation measures habitat data along existing georeferenced linear data as events. This paper will discuss the ArcInfo techniques used to implement Dynamic Segmentation. I will present the amount of data collected so far, and then examine the implications of this GIS data.
The Dynamic Segmentation process is accomplished by 1) Preparing a hydrography arc coverage with a unique numeric value for each named stream 2) Ensuring flow direction for each stream 3) Building route/section topology for each stream 4) Preparing the habitat table as linear event data with a)measure distances based on field inputs and b)a unique key value for each named stream 5) Calibrating routes based on field input from habitat table 6) Displaying habitat tables in ArcView, converting to ArcView shapes and distributing to field personnel.
1. DFG has obtained US Geologic Survey (USGS) Digital Line Graph (DLG) 100,000 scale hydrography (See Appendix for Hydro Meta Data and structure). In 1993, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) attached the River Reach File Version 3 (RF3) addressing system to California's hydrographic coverage Arc Attribute Table (.AAT). Arcs along the same named watercourse share a common primary name code, or PNMCD. The unique key value for each stream is the EPA national standard PNMCD.
2. Prior to building hydrography route/section topology, streams must have consistent linear direction. I developed an Arc Macro Language (AML) method for establishing direction of all streams based on topology with no operator (See Appendix for flow.aml and lake.aml). This process pathwalks each named stream from its headwaters to its mouth and ensures all arcs point downstream (including double lined streams). The DLG MINOR5 field is populated with the arc numeric sequence of each stream from the mouth.
3. I developed an ArcEdit AML which creates Route/Section topology (See Appendix for mkroute.aml). The blanket Arc level MAKEROUTE command will not ensure direction of all routes. The AML creates one route for each unique PNMCD, in which the beginning measure of the route is at the streams confluence (arc MINOR5 = 1 from flow.aml) and the ending measure is at the streams headwater. The resulting Route Attribute Table (.RAT) has one record per unique PNMCD. The resulting Section Attribute Table (.SEC) has one record for arcs along each PNMCD.
4. Preparation of habitat data as event tables contains the following processes: A) Insure the table has a properly populated route relate item and B) create and populate measure items.
In some cases field personnel will not have the PNMCD value for the surveyed stream, and will enter instead a latitude and longitude of the stream confluence, the township range and section number (called legal) and/or the stream name from the USGS 7.5 Minute Quadrangle. By cross referencing the quadrangle, lat/lon coordinates, legal description or the stream name with the RF3 file, I find and enter the proper PNMCD value in the habitat table. Each habitat table data will relate to the .RAT on the PNMCD.
The habitat table contains one record per habitat unit. The LENGTH field is the length of each habitat unit, measured in feet. Measure fields FROM, TO (for linear events), and LOCATION (for point events) are added to the habitat table. The FROM field is equal to the previous FROM value (0 for the first record). The TO field is equal to the FROM field plus the LENGTH field. The LOCATION field only populated when point event locations occur. While occurring anywhere in a habitat unit, point events are surveyed with the same length as a habitat unit. The LOCATION field equals half of the FROM FROM field plus the TO field. Measure items are converted to meters, the units of the hydrography coverage projection. Each record of a habitat table will relate to the .SEC on the measure items FROM, TO or LOCATION.
5. A point coverage for each survey, is made from each tributary's confluence or road crossings and the end of the survey. The end of survey point is digitized from a photocopied USGS quadrangle. The points are attributed with the length to the mouth taken from the habitat table, in meters. The Arc command CALIBRATEROUTES uses the point coverage to correct the arc measured distances with the field observed distances.
6. In Arcview, a view is added to a project and the hydrography route topology added to the view. The habitat event table is added to the project. With the view the active document, ADD EVENT THEME from the VIEW menu is chosen. The Add Event Theme dialogue box is populated, and the survey is displayed as an event theme. The THEME CONVERT TO SHAPE menu choice converts the event theme to a shape file. The shape file can be displayed and classified on any or multiple fields in the Habitat Inventory. The process is repeated for point events.
The Habitat Inventory Process has four output dBASE files (Watershed Overview, Habitat Type, Biological Survey, Carcass Survey). Due to in-house priorities and limited time, Dynamic Segmentation has only been implemented on the Habitat Type (channel and habitat typing methods) data set. Furthermore, only sidechannel point events from habitat data have been established.
Only a selection of habitat data has been calibrated.
There are 290 streams (766 total miles) surveyed and georeferenced.
I expect to dynamically segment all data from the Habitat Manual by the end of 1996. Biologists note other important point events, like culverts, bank erosions, and other biota. By next year, I hope to implement all other point event data, as well as habitat data.
Two elements to this process are very significant. First it is extremely important to ensure flow direction of hydrography arcs. There are over 250,000 arc segments in the California DLG. Developing a tool to pathwalk these arcs and correct direction without operator input is invaluable. Second converting dynamically segmented habitat data into ArcView shape files, widens data availability and accessibility. Biologists only need to know two buttons in ArcView, and not 15 line commands in Arc/Plot, in order to query, display and analyze habitat data.
The availability of the data allows biologists to make better decisions. With limited restoration money, resource managers need to funnel resources into the sites that have the most potential for success. Prior to Dynamic Segmentation, biologists could only summarize the length of habitat to find out how much of a particular habitat characteristic occurred on a stream. With Dynamic Segmentation, biologists can see where these characteristics occur along the stream. Displaying habitat data spatially increases the biologists' ability to identify potential restoration sites. Some of the questions biologists can answer are: Where does high siltation occur? Do these areas also have low shading or high temperatures? Where are the deep pools with large cobble substrates? By displaying the areas of low quality habitat (low canopy or high siltation) along with the areas of fish presence and suitable stream gradients, restoration sites with the most benefit and success potential can be identified.
Likewise, resurveying a stream in successive years will provide insight into the changing habitat. Causes of decreasing habitat quality can be identified with network analysis of habitat data dynamically segmented over the same reaches of stream.
Habitat modelling is also possible with dynamic segmentation. By identifying the progression of channel types fish must migrate through, biologists can gain understanding about the physical stress individuals exert in certain streams. High fish population numbers regressed against key habitat characteristics could provide habitat suitability indexes. Such indexes will improve management decisions.
The power of this system lies in the standard data collection methods. Local biologists can set local restoration priorities based on their own data. At the same time, statewide coordinators can use data collected by different biologists in different regions, using the same protocols, to look at overall trends of fish habitat and populations.
None of the techniques used herein could have been established had it not been for the dedicated work of Sr. Fisheries Biologist Tim Curtis. Tim, Gari Flosi, Michael Bird, Scott Downie and James Hoplain wrote the Salmonid Habitat Restoration Manual and had the foresight to include standard data structures relating to spatial data. I would also like to thank Bob Coey, Gari, Scott and all other field biologist who spent endless hours in the field collecting data. Lastly I would like to thank those involved with DLG Hydrography work in California, namely Paul Veisze and Karen Beardsley.
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A
HABITAT DATA STRUCTURE
----------------------
The following is the structuce and definition of the items contained in
the habitat data bases. On each line is the Column the field begins in,
the field name, the number of characters/integers the field takes up,
whethere it is character or integer, and a brief description of the field.
For more information please refer to the Salmonid Habitat Restoration
Mannual (the green book).
COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH TYPE N.DEC DESCRIPTION
------------------------------------------------------------------
1 STREAM 25 C - What you call the stream name.
26 LEGAL 11 C - Town., Range, Section (see below).
37 LATD 2 I - Confluence Latitude Degrees.
39 LATM 2 I - Confluence Latitude Minutes.
41 LATS 4 N 1 Confluence Latitude Seconds.
45 LOND 3 I - Confluence Longitude Degrees.
48 LONM 2 I - Confluence Longitude Minutes.
50 LONS 4 N 1 Confluence Longitude Seconds.
54 QUAD 10 C - USGS 24000 Quad Name@ confluence.
64 RF3RCHID 17 C - Full EPA RF3-ID @ Confluence.
81 PNAME 30 C - EPA PNAME.
111 PNMCD 11 C - EPA PNMCD.
122 SURVEYORS 25 C - Who surveyed.
147 DLAT 8 N 4 Decimal Degrees Lat at survey start.
155 DLONG 8 N 4 Decimal Degrees Lon at survey start.
163 FLOW 6 C - Recorded flow in cubic feet/second.
169 DATE 8 D - Date Surveyed.
177 CHANNLTYPE 4 C - Channel Type of Habitat Unit.
181 REACH 2 C - Sequential Reach Number.
183 TIME 5 C - Time @ habunit.
188 WATER 3 C - Water Temperature in Fahrenheit.
191 AIR 3 C - Air Temperature in Fahrenheit.
194 HABUNITNUM 16 C - Sequential Habitat Unit Number.
210 HABTYPE 9 C - Habitat Type
219 SIDECHANNL 3 C - Habitat Unit Type of Side Channel.
222 LENGTH 8 N 1 Length in feet of Habitat Unit.
230 STRM_LGNTH 7 I - Total length from confluence.
237 MEAN_WIDTH 6 N 2 Mean width of habitat unit.
243 MEAN_DEPTH 5 N 2 Mean depth of habitat unit.
248 MAX_DEPTH 5 N 2 Maximum depth of habitat unit.
253 AREA 10 N 2 Calculated, length X mean_width
263 DPTPLCREST 4 N 2 Depth pool tail crest, in feet.
267 RESPOLDPTH 5 N 2 CALCULATED residual pool depth
272 VOLUME 10 N 1 CALCULATED volume
282 RESPOOLVOL 10 N 1 CALCULATED residual pool volume
292 EMBEDDED 1 I - Pool tail embeddedness.
293 SHEL_VALUE 1 I - Shelter Value.
294 PCT_COVER 3 I - Percent Unit Covered.
297 SHELT_RATN 4 I - Shelter Rating
301 UNDER_BANK 3 I - Under Bank Rating
304 PER_SWD 3 I - Percent small woodt debris
307 PER_LWD 3 I - Percent Large woody debris
310 PER_ROOT 3 I - Percent root wad
313 TERR_VEG 3 I - Terrestrial vegetation
316 AQUA_VEG 3 I - Aguatic Vegetation
319 WHITEWATER 3 I - Whitewater
322 PER_BOLDER 3 I - Substrate
325 BEDROCKLED 3 I - Substrate
328 SILT_CLAY 1 I - Substrate
329 SAND 1 I - Substrate
330 GRAVEL 1 I - Substrate
331 SMCOBBLE 1 I - Substrate
332 LGCOBBLE 1 I - Substrate
333 BOLDER 1 I - Substrate
334 BEDROCK 1 I - Substrate
335 PCT_EXPOSE 3 I - Percent exposed substrate.
338 PCT_CANOPY 3 I - Percent total Canopy.
341 PCT_DECID 3 I - Percent Deciduous Trees.
344 PCT_CONIF 3 I - Percent Coniferous Trees.
347 RTBKCOMP 1 I - Right Bank Composition.
348 RTBKDOMINT 1 I - Right Bank Dominant Vegetation.
349 PCT_RTBKCO 3 I - Percent Right Bank Vegetation.
352 LFBKCOMP 1 I - Left Bank Composition.
353 LFBKDOMINT 1 I - Left Bank Dominant Vegetation.
354 PCT_LFBKCO 3 I - Percent Left Bank Vegetation.
357 CODE 1 C - temporary field
358 FROM 8 N 2 Dyn/Seg measure item
366 TO 8 N 2 Dyn/Seg measure item
374 LOCATION 8 N 2 Dyn/Seg measure item
------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX B
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME GIS METADATA
METADATA FILE: hydro3.txt
METADATA DATE: January 2, 1996
METDATA PATH: dfghost:/tsb/dfgbase/hydro
METADATA SOURCE 1:
Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 11:42:49 -0800
From: Paul Veisze
Subject: teale hydro meta
X-Url: http://www.gislab.teale.ca.gov/meta/hydrogra.txt
METADATA SOURCE 2: dfghost:/tsb/dfgbase/hydro/hydro2.txt
Modified 1-2-96:
Primary Name and Primary Name Code (PNAME,PNMCD) for Pacific Ocean
corrected/completed statewide. Issue remains as to how to deal with
bays and wide rivers opening to the Pacific Ocean with/without
artificial "closure" arcs.
All PNMCD character string entries in .DS2 tables were left-justified.
Modified 11-22-95:
Item HYSNUM recalculated: HYSNUM = HYSNUM + 10
This was done to ensure a unique primary key when HYSNUM is combined
with item HSCKEY (described below). Duplication of certain values
occurred in original version, e.g. HYSNUM = 1, HSCKEY = 12--would be
a duplicate of HYSNUM = 11, HSCKEY = 2. The original range of
HYSNUM values was 1 to 33; in the DFG hydrography version it is now
11 to 43.
See also major updates by DFG to hydrographic names and
US EPA River Reach File (RF3) codes (NOTE: RF3 item UPDTSRC1 does not
yet reflect the DFG version of HYSNUM, use Teale version until
further notice).
DFG version has deleted non-hydrographic "neatlines" (outline of
250K quad boundaries)--where such boundaries did not form part of
open water shorelines.
----begin Teale hydrography metadata as modified ----
LIBRARY :
LAYER NAME :
COVERAGE NAME : JHYSA
LOCATION : /tlib/hydro
COVERAGE DESCRIPTION:
The hydrography layer originally came from the USGS in digital line
graph (DLG-3) data format. DLG-3 data were captured from
1:100,000-scale maps by manual digitizing and raster scanning.
There are approximately 3200 DLG files represented in the
statewide hydrography data layer.
The hydrography layer consists of all flowing waters, standing
waters, and wetlands---both natural and manmade. The coverages
contain two separate feature types: polygons (areas) and lines.
Polygon features have attribute codes that identify water bodies
such as lakes, wide river segments, or swamps. Line features
have attribute codes that represent streams or shorelines.
Edits to the original linework have been made during the data
conversion by Teale from the original DLG-3 format to the
ArcInfo(tm) GIS format. Such changes include line movements
(due to the map edge-matching process), minor corrections of
attribute coding, and the closing of open polygons. Flow direction
for streams (type line) has also been added. Stream lines are flagged
(where item FLOW = 1) to indicate whether or not the direction of
a given stream (line) has been defined and/or verified by Teale.
County lines (a separate Teale data layer) and hydrography lines
are not reconciled with each other and discrepancies between the
two will occur when a county boundary follows a water feature.
Hydrography of the entire state is stored in 33 separate ArcInfo
coverages or tiles, whose individual boundaries correspond to
the USGS 1:250,000-scale quad series (see index coverage called
hydroindexa and index diagram below). Coverage names consist of
two unique characters plus a suffix -JHYSA. Most of the two-
letter codes abbreviate a quad name, for example: RDJHYSA, for
the Redding quad. The tiles are also numbered from 11 to 43,
northwest to southeast, and this numeric code is contained in
the item HYSNUM. A separate item, HSCKEY, contains a number
unique to each arc within a tile. Both the HYSNUM and HSCKEY
items are contained in the coverage's Arc Attribute Table (AAT).
In 1992, the Teale hydrography data layer was sent to US EPA for
use in their River Reach File system version 3, also known as
Reach File 3 or RF3-alpha. RF3 is US EPA's national hydrographic
addressing system which contains unique location and connectivity
codes, water feature names, and update documentation. This system
was developed by Horizon Systems Corporation, under contract to
the US EPA Office of Water. RF3 as archived at Teale consists of
US EPA-generated data tables, designated by the filename extension
.DS2 (for example: RDJHYSA.DS2). The DS2 file is stored as an
'external' data table within the hydro workspace's INFO subdirectory.
There are two ways to link the RF3 records in the DS2 files with
the hydrography arc attribute tables (AAT). The first involves the
item RF3RCHID, which is a concatenated string consisting of three
fields: the USGS Cataloging Unit (CU, an 8-digit watershed code),
a numeric stream segment identifier (SEG), and a Marker Index (MILE),
an item indicating relative upstream position along a given SEG.
The second way to link the DS2 and the AAT is on the HSCKEY item
described above. The RF3RCHID and HSCKEY items are present in
the Teale versions of both the DS2 and AAT files. Note: the most
reliable primary key for individual hydrography features consists
of HYSNUM combined with HSCKEY.
VITAL STATISTICS:
Datum: NAD 27
Projection: Albers
Units: Meters
1st Std. Parallel: 34 00 00
2nd Std. Parallel: 40 30 00
Longitude of Origin: -120 00 00
Latitude of Origin: 00 00 00
False Easting (X shift): 0
False Northing (Y shift): -4,000,000
Source: USGS DLG-3 (optional format)
Source Media: Magnetic tape (80 byte records)
Source Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
UTM Zones 10 & 11
Source Units: Meters
Source Scale: 1:100,000
Capture Method: Scanned, digitized
Conversion Software: ArcInfo rev 5.0.1
Data Structure: Vector
ArcInfo Coverage Type: NET (Line, polygon)
ArcInfo Precision: Double
ArcInfo Tolerances: 0 to 200 meters
Number of Features: 16,077
Layer Size: 116.970 MB
Data Updated: September 1993 (added RF3 line feature table)
(other unscheduled updates have been made,
see original log file in Teale workspace)
DATA DICTIONARY:
DATAFILE NAME: JHYSA.AAT where xx = tile code (see index)
RECORD LENGTH: 98
Non-standard LINE attribute fields:
COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC
-------------------------------------------------------------
33 MAJOR1 4 6 B -
37 MINOR1 4 6 B -
41 MAJOR2 4 6 B -
45 MINOR2 4 6 B -
49 MAJOR3 4 6 B -
53 MINOR3 4 6 B -
57 MAJOR4 4 6 B -
61 MINOR4 4 6 B -
65 MAJOR5 4 6 B -
69 MINOR5 4 6 B -
73 FLOW 1 1 I -
74 HSCKEY 6 6 I -
80 HYSNUM 2 2 I -
82 RF3RCHID 17 17 C -
NOTE: Items common to all LINE coverages: FNODE#,
TNODE#, LPOLY#, RPOLY#, LENGTH, JHYSA# and
JHYSA-ID are not described here; with one exception:
JHYSA-ID: where User ID negative (<0), arc is an artificial
neatline (coverage or tile boundary).
FLOW: If equal to 1, flow direction is defined; if equal
to 0, no direction is defined.
HSCKEY: Unique sequence number. Item was created for EPA's
Reach File System. Use HSCKEY to relate to the RF3
DS2 data file of a given tile (see HYSNUM below).
HYSNUM: Hydrography quad tile sequence number; 1 through 33.
Item was created for EPA's Reach File System; combine
with HSCKEY to uniquely code features across tiles.
NOTE: DFG version: HYSNUM = HYSNUM(Teale) + 10
This is not yet reflected in the item UPDTSRC1 below.
RF3RCHID: Primary key of RF3; concatenates CU, SEG, MILE;
see desrcription of JHYSA.DS2 files below.
MAJOR1-5: Major codes denote hydrography (code 50) as the major
feature category to which a line element belongs (as
opposed to property boundaries, roads, etc within DLGs).
MINOR1-5: Minor codes assign up to five descriptive subcategories
to any single hydrography line element.
Major Minor
Code # Code # Element Description
------ ------ -------------------
50 200 Shoreline
50 201 Man-made shoreline
50 202 Closure line
50 203 Indefinite shoreline
50 204 Apparent Limit
50 205 Outline of a Carolina bay
50 206 Danger curve
50 400 Rapids
50 401 Falls
50 402 Gravel pit/quarry filled w/water
50 403 Gaging station
50 404 Pumping station
50 405 Water intake
50 406 Dam or weir
50 407 Canal lock or sluice gate
50 408 Spillway
50 409 Gate(flood,tidal,head,check)
50 410 Rock
50 411 Crevasse
50 412 Stream
50 413 Braided stream
50 414 Ditch or canal
50 415 Aqueduct
50 416 Flume
50 417 Penstock
50 418 Siphon
50 419 Channel in water area
50 420 Wash or ephemeral drain
50 421 Lake or pond
50 422 Coral reef
50 423 Sand in open water
50 424 Spoil area
50 425 Fish ladders
50 601 Underground
50 602 Overpassing
50 603 Elevated
50 604 Tunnel
50 605 Right bank
50 606 Left bank
50 607 Under construction
50 608 Salt
50 609 Unsurveyed
50 610 Intermittent
50 611 Abandoned or discontinued
50 612 Submerged or sunken
50 613 Wooded
50 614 Dry
50 615 Mineral or hot (sulphur,alkali,etc.)
50 616 Navigable transportation
50 617 Underpassing
50 618 Earthen construction
50 000 Photorevised feature
05N --- Water surface elevation, actual or
interpolated.
N = elevation units
1=feet
2=meters
6=feet below datum
7=meters below datum
053 --- Angle of clockwise rotation (nearest
whole degree)
055 --- River mile, value in four spaces, right
justified
058 000 Best estimate of classification or
position
059 0-- Coincident feature
DATA DICTIONARY:
DATAFILE NAME: JHYSA.DS2 where xx = tile code (see index)
RECORD LENGTH: 450
Non-standard LINE attribute fields:
COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC DESCRIPTION
---------------------------------------------------------------
1 CU 8 8 I - Catalog Unit
9 SEG 4 4 I - Segment No.
13 MILE 5 5 N 2 Mile Point
18 UPMI 5 5 N 2 Upstream Mile Pt.
23 RFLAG 1 1 C - Reach Flag
24 OWFLAG 1 1 C - Open Water Flag
25 TFLAG 1 1 C - Terminal Flag
26 SFLAG 1 1 C - Start Flag
27 REACHTYPE 1 1 C - Reach Type Code
28 LEVEL 2 2 I - Stream Level
30 JUNC 2 2 I - Downstream Rch Lvl
32 DIVERGENCE 1 1 I - Divergence Code
33 USDIR 1 1 C - Upstream Direction
34 TERMID 5 5 I - Terminal Stream ID
39 TRMBLV 1 1 I - Terminal Base Level
40 PNAME 30 30 C - Primary Name
70 PNMCD 11 11 C - Primary Name Code
81 CNAME 30 30 C - Complement Name
111 CNMCD 11 11 C - Complement Name Code
122 OWNAME 30 30 C - Open Water Name
152 OWNMCD 11 11 C - Open Water Name Code
163 DSCU 8 8 I - Downstream CU
171 DSSEG 4 4 I - Downstream SEG
175 DSMI 5 5 N 2 Downstream MI
180 CCU 8 8 I - Complement CU
188 CSEG 4 4 I - Complement SEG
192 CMILE 5 5 N 2 Complement MI
197 CDIR 1 1 C - Complement Direction
198 ULCU 8 8 I - Upstream Left CU
206 ULSEG 4 4 I - Upstream Left SEG
210 ULMI 5 5 N 2 Upstream Left MI
215 URCU 8 8 I - Upstream Right CU
223 URSEG 4 4 I - Uppstream Right SEG
227 URMI 5 5 N 2 Upstream Right MI
232 SEGL 6 6 N 2 Reach Length (Miles)
238 RFORGFLAG 1 1 I - RF Origin flag(1-3)
239 ALTPNMCD 8 8 I - Alt. Prime Name Code
247 ALTOWNMC 8 8 I - Alt. OW Name Code
255 DLAT 8 8 N 4 Downstream Latitude
263 DLONG 8 8 N 4 Downstream Longitude
271 ULAT 8 8 N 4 Upstream Latitude
279 ULONG 8 8 N 4 Upstream Longitude
287 MINLAT 8 8 N 4 Minimum Latitude
295 MINLONG 8 8 N 4 Minimum Longitude
303 MAXLAT 8 8 N 4 Maximum Latitude
311 MAXLONG 8 8 N 4 Maximum Longitude
319 NDLGREC 4 4 I - No. of DLG Records
323 Ln1AT2 4 4 I - DLG Line Attribute 1
327 Ln2AT2 4 4 I - DLG Line Attribute 2
331 AR1AT2 4 4 I - DLG Area Attribute
335 AR1AT4 4 4 I - DLG Area Attribute
339 AR2AT2 4 4 I - DLG Area Attribute
343 AR2AT4 4 4 I - DLG Area Attribute
347 UPDATE1 6 6 C - Updt Date #1(MMDDYY)
353 UPDTCD1 8 8 C - Updt Type Code #1
361 UPDTSRC1 8 8 C - (This field set to
correspond to Teale
DLG dataset ids-See
HYSNUM and HSCKEY)
see DFG version above
369 UPDATE2 6 6 C - Updt Date #2(MMDDYY)
375 UPDTCD2 8 8 C - Updt Type Code #2
383 UPDTSRC2 8 8 C - Updt Source #2
391 UPDATE3 6 6 C - Updt Date #3(MMDDYY)
397 UPDTCD3 8 8 C - Updt Type Code #3
405 UPDTSRC3 8 8 C - Updt Source #3
413 DIVCU 8 8 I - Divergent CU
421 DIVSEG 4 4 I - Divergent SEG
425 DIVMI 5 5 N 2 Divergent MI
430 DLGID 6 6 I - DLG Number (special
use)
436 FILLER 7 7 C - Filler for Future use
443 HSCKEY 6 6 I - (Added by Teale-
Value is same as last 6 digits
of UPDTSRC1-
Relate key to the AAT file)
449 HYSNUM 2 2 I - (Added by Teale-
Value same as first 2 digits
of UPDTSRC1-
Hydro quad sequence number 1-33;
in DFG version, 11-43, see
description above)
** REDEFINED ITEMS **
1 RF3RCHID 17 17 C - (Reach number that
uniquely identifies all reaches)
DATA DICTIONARY:
DATAFILE NAME: JHYSA.PAT
RECORD LENGTH: 56
Non-standard POLYGON attribute fields:
COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC
25 MAJOR1 4 6 B -
29 MINOR1 4 6 B -
33 MAJOR2 4 6 B -
37 MINOR2 4 6 B -
41 MAJOR3 4 6 B -
45 MINOR3 4 6 B -
49 MAJOR4 4 6 B -
53 MINOR4 4 6 B -
NOTE: Items common to all POLYGON coverages: AREA,
PERIMETER, JHYSA# and JHYSA-ID are not
described here.
MAJOR1-4: Major codes denote hydrography (code 50) as the major
feature category to which an area element belongs.
MINOR1-4: Minor codes assign up to four descriptive subcategories
to any single hydrography area element.
Major Minor
Code # Code # Element Description
------ ------- -------------------
50 100 Alkali flat
50 101 Reservoir
50 102 Covered reservoir
50 103 Glacier or permanent snowfield
50 104 Salt evaporator
50 105 Inundation area
50 106 Fish hatchery or farm
50 107 Industrial water impoundment
50 108 Area to be submerged
50 109 Sewage disposal pond/filtration bed
50 110 Tailings pond
50 111 Marsh, wetland,swamp,bog
50 112 Mangrove area
50 113 Rice Field
50 114 Cranberry bog
50 115 Flats(tidal,mud,sand,gravel)
50 116 Bays,estuaries,gulfs,oceans,seas
50 117 Shoal
50 118 Soda evaporator
50 119 Duck pond
50 400 Rapids
50 401 Falls
50 402 Gravel pit/quarry filled w/water
50 403 Gaging station
50 404 Pumping station
50 405 Water intake
50 406 Dam or weir
50 407 Canal lock or sluice gate
50 408 Spillway
50 409 Gate(flood,tidal,head,check)
50 410 Rock
50 411 Crevasse
50 412 Stream
50 413 Braided stream
50 414 Ditch or canal
50 415 Aqueduct
50 416 Flume
50 417 Penstock
50 418 Siphon
50 419 Channel in water area
50 420 Wash or ephemeral drain
50 421 Lake or pond
50 422 Coral reef
50 423 Sand in open water
50 424 Spoil area
50 425 Fish ladders
50 601 Underground
50 602 Overpassing
50 603 Elevated
50 604 Tunnel
50 605 Right bank
50 606 Left bank
50 607 Under construction
50 608 Salt
50 609 Unsurveyed
50 610 Intermittent
50 611 Abandoned or discontinued
50 612 Submerged or sunken
50 613 Wooded
50 614 Dry
50 615 Mineral or hot (sulphur, alkali,etc.)
50 616 Navigable transportation
50 617 Underpassing
50 618 Earthen construction
50 000 Photorevised feature
DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT:
The following are subjective comments regarding this data.
The USGS DLG features of this layer are fairly complete. The density of
line work representing drainage networks appears to vary arbitrarily from
quad to quad, and there are discontinuities in lines depicting streams at
the edges of 100k quads. The geographic feature accuracy is fair.
Contiguous features are not always matched across map sheet boundaries.
The attribute completeness and accuracy is good.
The US EPA River Reach file as archived at Teale is an alpha release
(prototype). As such, users are cautioned to verify drainage network
connectivity and water feature names before undertaking extensive
processing using RF3 data.
The southern portion of Santa Rosa Island (Teale tile svjhysa) does not
have a corresponding RF3 file (expect svjhysa.ds2 in early 1996).
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION (courtesy of Department of Fish & Game)
In 1993, US EPA changed the DS2 file designator to DS3 and
changed the MILE and related items from numeric type to character
type. No data content changes were made. At this writing, the
hydrography layer is archived with the DS2 files.
The DS2 / DS3 item UPDTSRC1 concatenates HYSNUM and HSCKEY for
those records that have a corresponding AAT record. UPDTSRC1
contains the value 9999 for DS2 / DS3 records created
by US EPA that have no corresponding record in the hydrography
layer. UPDTSRC1 contains leading zeroes for single-digit HYSNUM values.
(see DFG version of HYSNUM described above)
INDEX TO 1:100,000 DLG HYDROGRAPHY
ArcInfo coverage names are composed of the prefixes shown in the statewide
grid below (some are abbreviations of the USGS 1:250,000-scale quad map
series names), plus the suffix JHYSA for the line and polygon data layers
(for example, RDJHYSA, for the Redding quad).
The item HYSNUM in the ArcInfo feature attribute tables contains the
indicated numeric values to reference the tile within which a given
feature falls.
DFG version of diagram below modified by adding 10 to each original
Teale HYSNUM value (see description at top of file).
DFG-HYSNUM QUAD NAME
126 124 122 120W
42N _____ OREGON _____ 11 CRESCENT CITY
| ZF | WE | AC | 12 WEED
| 11 | 12 | 13 | N 13 ALTURAS
41 |_____|_____|_____| E 14 EUREKA
| EA | RD | XJ | V 15 REDDING
| 14 | 15 | 16 | A 16 SUSANVILLE
40 |_____|_____|_____| D 17 UKIAH
| UK | CQ | A 18 CHICO
| 17 | 18 | 118 19 SANTA ROSA
39 |_____|_____|_____ 20 SACRAMENTO
| X9 | SO | WK | 21 WALKER LAKE
| 19 | 20 | 21 | 116 22 SAN FRANCISCO
38 |_____|_____|_____|_____ 23 SAN JOSE
| SF | SJ | MZ | GU | 24 MARIPOSA
| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 25 GOLDFIELD
37 |_____|_____|_____|_____| 26 (no USGS name)
| SX | ZP | FO | DV | 27 MONTEREY
| 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 114 28 FRESNO
36 |_____|_____|_____|_____|_____ 29 DEATH VALLEY
| SL | BF | TJ | KI | 30 SAN LUIS OBISPO
| 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 31 BAKERSFIELD
35 |_____|_____|_____|_____| A 32 TRONA
| SM | LA | SB | NE | R 33 KINGMAN
| 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | I 34 SANTA MARIA
34 |_____|_____|_____|_____| Z 35 LOS ANGELES
| SV | LB | SN | S6 | O 36 SAN BERNARDINO
| 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | N 37 NEEDLES
33 |_____|_____|_____|_____| A 38 SANTA ROSA ISLAND
| SD | EL | 39 LONG BEACH
| 42 | 43 | 40 SANTA ANA
32 |--------------| 41 SALTON SEA
MEXICO 42 SAN DIEGO
43 EL CENTRO
Each quad covers an area one degree of latitude by two degrees of
longitude, except as noted: ZF, WE, AC, XJ, and CQ coverage
boundaries have been extended to include hydrographic features
between the quad lines and the State Boundary; SD and SV include
Channel Islands; no Teale data beyond the Mexico border (---).
See the coverage hydroindexa in /tlib/hydro for a gis version of
this index map.
The DFG version of the index is dfghost:/tsb/dfgbase/hydro/indxhysa
DATA CONTACTS:
Contact Name: Virginia Wong-Coppin (Teale Data Center)
Contact's Phone: 916-263-1489
Contact Name: Paul Veisze (Department of Fish & Game)
Contact's Phone: 916-323-1667
Contact Name: Michael Byrne (Department of Fish & Game)
Contact's Phone: 916-654-7631
Revised October 1995.
Revised November 1995.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX.C
/*flow.aml
/*arcedit aml to correct direction of all hydro arcs
/*written by mike byrne
/*jan 10, 1996
/*each arc will end up with a unique value in the minor5 item
/*the head water arc, will have the greatest number and the outflow = 1
/*this aml has some limitations and is in beta format
/*arguments
/* pnmcd = the pname code, distinct for each stream
/*variables
/*in order of appearance
/* .totnum = the total number of arc in a named stream (incl. islands)
/* cnt = a counting variable to catch the headwater arc
/* numsel = the number of currently selected arcs
/* .tnode = the tnode# of the present arc
/* .ptnode = the previous tnode#, should be the fnode# of present arc
/* pkey = the primary key item of the currently selected arc
/*routines
/* error
/* failed
/*sub-amls
/* lake
&args pnmcd pkey .totnum /*an argument of pnmcd,pkey/.totnum optional
&if [null %pnmcd%] &then &call flowusage /*if no argument call usage
/*&if ^ [iteminfo [show ec] -[show ef] %pkey% -exists] &then &call noitem
&if [show ef] ne ARC &then ef arc
&severity &error &routine failed /*if error call failed r.
&s ow1 = [open stream.error ostat -append]
&mess &off
&s .ptnode = null
sel pnmcd cn [quote %pnmcd%] /*select all streams of same name
&if [null %.totnum%] &then &s .totnum = [show number select]/*find # arcs/stream
&else res minor5 = 0 /*to pick up where error left off
&if [show number select] <> %.totnum% &then
&do
&type nothing left to do
&return
&end
calc minor5 = 0 /*initialize minor5
&if ^ [null %pkey%] &then sel pkey = %pkey%
&else res dangle
&if [show num select] ne 1 &then /*if only 1, good procede
&call failed /*if more than one dangle, fail
&s cnt = 0 /*initalize count variable
&type begining PNMCD [unquote %pnmcd%] with %.totnum% arc(s)
&do &while %.totnum% gt 0 /*do once for every arc in stream
&s numsel = [show number select] /*show num selected
&s .tnode = [show arc [show select 1] item tnode#] /*set head of arc
&if %cnt% = 0 &then /*special case for headwater arc
&do
&s pkey = [show arc [show select 1] item pkey]
sel ( fnode# = %.tnode% or tnode# = %.tnode% ) and pkey ne %pkey%
&if [show number select] = 0 &then /*if no arc attached to front
&do
sel pkey = %pkey% /*select arc
flip /*flip arc
&end
sel pkey = %pkey%
&s .ptnode = [show arc [show select 1] item fnode#]
&s .tnode = [show arc [show select 1] item tnode#]
&end /*end headwater arc loop
&if %numsel% gt 1 &then &run lake %pnmcd% /*open water special case
&if %.tnode% = %.ptnode% &then flip /*if head = tail, flip
calc minor5 = %.totnum% /*calc minor5 to count
&s .totnum = %.totnum% - 1 /*next lowest
&s .ptnode = [show arc [show select 1] item tnode#] /*set tail of next arc
asel connect /*find all arc connected
res minor5 = 0 and pnmcd cn [quote %pnmcd%]/*find the next downstream arc
ds /*draw it
&s cnt = %cnt% + 1 /*set count variable
&end
coo mouse
&mess &on
&s clf = [close %ow1%]
&return
&routine flowusage /*usage routine
&type USAGE: flow
&type {primary key of headwater arc} {number left to do}
&return; &return
&routine failed /*failed routine
&s wo1 = [write %ow1% [quote %pnmcd%,%.ptnode%]]
&s clf = [close %ow1%]
&type %pnmcd% failed at node %.ptnode%, try again
coo mouse
&mess &on
&return; &return
&routine noitem
&type item PKEY does not exists in [show ec] for [show ef]S
&type exiting ...
&return; &return
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*lake.aml
/*arcedit aml to correct direction of all hydro arcs
/*written by mike byrne
/*jan 12, 1996
/*this aml is called by the flow.aml to run fixes on double lined streams
/*and lakes. only new variables are describe here. the variable of the
/*pnmcd is passed as an argument, and .ptnode and .tnode are globals
/*variables
/*in order of appearance
/* lpoly = the poly # of the polygon on the left of the selected arc
/* rpoly = the poly # of the polygon on the right of the selected arc
/* poly = the poly # of the polygon inside the selected arcs
/* startl = the tnode# of the inflow arc to a lake
/* vtn = number of vertices along selected arc
/* vtx = the x coordinate of center vertex of the selected arc
/* vty = the y coordinate of center vertex of the selected arc
/* path1,2 = the x,y coor pair of two diferent paths around open water
/* pathf = the x,y coor pair of the outflow arc
/* l1,2 = the lengths of each path around an open waterway
/* lp = either 1 or 2 for shortest path around a waterway
/* spath = number of arcs on the shortest path
/*routines
/* error
/* failed
&args pnmcd
calc minor5 = -1 /*first two lake arcs
&s lpoly = [show arc [show select 1] lpoly#] /*find out the lake poly #
&s rpoly = [show arc [show select 1] rpoly#]
&if %lpoly% ne 1 &then &s poly = %lpoly%
&else &s poly = %rpoly%
coor key /*set coo to keyboard
&s startl = %.ptnode% /*initialize lake start node
&do i = 1 &to 2 /*find middle vertex of each
&s vtn [show arc [show select %i%] npnts]
&sel [mod %vtn% 2]
&when 1 /* Odd count, get X,Y coordinate of middle vertex!
&s path%i% [show arc [show select %i%] vert [ca [trunc [ca %vtn% / 2]] + 1]]
&when 0
&do
&s vt1 [show arc [show select %i%] vert [ca %vtn% / 2]]
&s vt2 [show arc [show select %i%] vert [ca [ca %vtn% / 2] + 1]]
&s vtx [ca [ca [ext 1 %vt1%] + [ext 1 %vt2%]] / 2]
&s vty [ca [ca [ext 2 %vt1%] + [ext 2 %vt2%]] / 2]
&s path%i% = %vtx%,%vty%
&end
&end
&end /*end do
sel lpoly# = %poly% or rpoly# = %poly% /*find entire lake
calc minor5 = -1
&s lakenum = [show num select]
asel connect
res pnmcd cn [quote %pnmcd%] and minor5 = 0 /*find exit arc
&if [show num select] gt 1 &then
&do /*lake into doubel
res ( lpoly# ne %poly% or rpoly# ne %poly% ) and minor5 = -1
&if [show num select] = 0 &then
&do /*one poly into another
sel lpoly# = %poly% or rpoly# = %poly%
asel connect
res pnmcd cn [quote %pnmcd%] and minor5 = 0
&end
&end
&if [show num select] = 0 &then
&do /*double line exit at confluence
sel lpoly# = %poly% or rpoly# = %poly%
asel connect
res pnmcd ne [quote %pnmcd%]
&end
&sv vtn [show arc [show select 1] npnts]
&sel [mod %vtn% 2]
&when 1 /* Odd count, get X,Y coordinate of middle vertex!
&s pathf [show arc [show select 1] vert [ca [trunc [ca %vtn% / 2]] + 1]]
&when 0
&do
&s vt1 [show arc [show select 1] vert [ca %vtn% / 2]]
&s vt2 [show arc [show select 1] vert [ca [ca %vtn% / 2] + 1]]
&s vtx [ca [ca [ext 1 %vt1%] + [ext 1 %vt2%]] / 2]
&s vty [ca [ca [ext 2 %vt1%] + [ext 2 %vt2%]] / 2]
&s pathf = %vtx%,%vty%
&end
&end
&do i = 1 &to 2 /*compare paths, take shorter
sel path /*paths around lake first
[value path%i%]
%pathf%
&s l%i% = 0
&do j = 1 &to [show num select]
&s l%i% = [value l%i%] + [show arc [show select %j%] item length]
&end
&end /*end path compare loop
&if %l1% lt %l2% &then &s lp = 1
&else &s lp = 2 /*take shorter path
sel path
[value path%lp%]
%pathf%
calc minor5 = 0
&s spath = [show number select] - 1 /*# of arcs on short side
res
[value path%lp%]
&s .tnode = [show arc [show select 1] item tnode#]
&do j = 1 &to %spath% /*do shorter path correction
&s pkey = [show arc [show select 1] item pkey]
&s .tnode = [show arc [show select 1] item tnode#]
&if %.tnode% = %.ptnode% &then flip
calc minor5 = %.totnum%
&s .totnum = %.totnum% - 1
&s .ptnode = [show arc [show select 1] item tnode#]
asel connect
res minor5 = 0 and pnmcd cn [quote %pnmcd%]
ds
&end
&if %lp% = 1 &then &s lp = 2
&else &s lp = 1
sel minor5 = -1
calc minor5 = 0
sel path minor5
[value path%lp%]
%pathf%
&s island = [calc %lakenum% - [calc %spath% + [calc [show num sel] - 1]]]
&if %island% gt 0 &then
&do
sel ( lpoly# = %poly% or rpoly# = %poly% ) and ~
( pnmcd cn [quote %pnmcd%] and minor5 = 0 )
res lpoly# ne 1 and rpoly# ne 1
&do i = 1 &to [show num select]
&s pkey%i% = [show arc [show select %i%] item pkey]
&end
&do i = 1 &to [show num select]
sel pkey = [value pkey%i%]
calc minor5 = %.totnum%
&s .totnum = %.totnum% - 1
&end
&end
sel /*selection for next run
[value path%lp%] /*on longer side of lake
&s .tnode = [show arc [show select 1] item tnode#]
&s .ptnode = %startl%
coor mouse
&return
&routine failed /*failed routine
&s wo1 = [write %ow1% [quote %pnmcd%,%.ptnode%]]
&s clf = [close %ow1%]
&type %pnmcd% failed at node %.ptnode%, try again
coo mouse
&mess &on
&return; &return; &return; &return
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX D
/*mkroute.aml
/*created by mike byrne
/*california dept. of fish and game
/*inland fisheries division
/*sept 12, 1995
/*
/*this aml makes routes on a stream coverage
/*which has usepa river reach file 3 addresses
/*all related (not literally) files must/will
/*have a prefix of the cover input
/*
/*certain things must occur first
/* 1)the aat file must have the items rf3rchid
/* pname, and pnmcd
/* 2)there MUST be 'flow' topology pointing DOWNstream
/*
/* the section name will be the same as the route name
/* entered on the command line
/*
/* variables
/* user input
/* cov - a coverage in the current directory
/* route - name of the route and section the program creates
/* aml variables
/* ro1/or1 - open/read variables
/* r1stat - status of read file used to control loop
/* vtc - the x,y coordinates of the second vertex on the
/* start arc for the route (each unique rf3rchid)
/*
/* files
/* %cov% user defined coverage
/* tmp.join aml created, sets up relate for event table
/* joined on to eventable and deleted
/* zzmkroute text file of unique routes written by info
/* and read by aml. this file contains the unique
/* values of the rf3rchids in the event table
/* %cov%.evn saved event environment
/*
&args cov route /*user defined arguments
&if [null %cov%] &then &call error /*check arguments
&if [null %route%] &then &call error /*check arguments
&s cov = [translate %cov%]
&s route = [translate %route%]
&if [show program] eq ARC &then arcedit
ec %cov% arc /*set edit coverage/feature
&s dv = [delete %cov%.rat%route% -info] /*overwrite existing files
&s dv = [delete %cov%.sec%route% -info] /*overwrite existing files
&s dv = [delete tmp.join -info] /*overwrite existing files
&s dv = [delete %cov%.evn -info] /*overwrite existing files
&data arc
frequency %cov%.AAT tmp.join /*create a unique list of rf3rchid
pnmcd
pname /*frequency is done on event table
end /*for 1st arc (epa rf3 address)
end
quit
&end
&data arc info /*create ascii file to read of
ARC /*unique reaches/routes
SEL TMP.JOIN
RES PNMCD = '' or PNAME CN 'PACIFIC'
PURGE
Y
OUTPUT ../ZZMKROUTE INIT
LIST PNMCD,' ,' PRINT
Q STOP
&end
&s clf = [close -all]
&s ow1 = [open error.zero owstat -write]
&s ow2 = [open error.multi owstat -write]
&s or1 = [open zzmkroute or1stat -read] /*open unique reach file to read
&s ro1 = [read %or1% r1stat] /*loop though and make route for each
&do &while %r1stat% = 0
sel pnmcd = [quote [extract 1 [unquote %ro1%]]] /*select the entire stream
res minor5 = 1 /*reselect the handle arc
&if [show num select] = 0 &then ~
&s wo1 = [write %ow1% [extract 1 [unquote %ro1%]]]
&if [show num select] gt 1 &then ~
&s wo2 = [write %ow2% [extract 1 [unquote %ro1%]]]
&if [show num select] = 1 &then
&do
&s nvt = [show arc [show select 1] npnts] /*find x,y on begining of arc
&s vtc = [show arc [show select 1] vert %nvt%] /*find x,y on begining of arc
&if [trunc [before %vtc% ,]] = [before %vtc% ,] &then ~ /*check to make sure
&s vtc = [before %vtc% ,].0,[after %vtc% ,] /*x coord is real, Esri bug
asel pnmcd cn [quote [extract 1 [unquote %ro1%]]]/*add all reaches of STREAM
makeroute %route% %vtc% /*make route starting at begining
&end
&s ro1 = [read %or1% r1stat] /*loop back do next
&end
save
quit
joinitem %cov%.rat%route% tmp.join %cov%.rat%route% %route%# %route%-id link
&s dv = [delete tmp.join -info] /*clean up
&s dv = [delete zzmkroute -file]
&s clf = [close -all]
&return /*exit
&routine error
&type USAGE: mkroute
&return; &return
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
California Advisory Committee on Salmon and Steelhead Trout, 1971. _An Environmental Tragedy_. Progress report to the Legislature and Department of Fish and Game.
California Advisory Committee on Salmon and Steelhead Trout, 1986. _The Tragedy Continues_. Progress report to the Legislature and Department of Fish and Game. 36p.
California Advisory Committee on Salmon and Steelhead Trout, 1988. _Restoring the Balance_. Progress report to the Legislature and Department of Fish and Game. 84p.
Esri, 1991. _Dynamic Segmentation Modeling linear features_. Esri, 1991.
California Department of Fish and Game, 1991. California Salmonid Stream Habitat Restoration Manual. The State of California Resources Agency, 1994.