The Largest Land Resource Spatial Database in CHINA

1.  INTRODUCTION





China is the largest population country in the world. The land

resource is very important to grain production and economic

development. Since the policies of the reform and marketing

economy carried out, the land has been changing and shrinking.

It is more and more difficult for the Center Government to do

efficient and scientific decision making without the accurate

land resource data and their geographic locations. So it is a

great demand to use Geographic Information System(GIS) software

for managing and utilizing the land resource, and supporting

decision making. In this way, The Center Government is able

to make full use of the land resource, and get benifits as good

as possible.





2.  USER NEEDS ESTIMATION





Before establishing the LLRSD, we invested the needs of the users

again and again. Finally, we selected the Center Government,

the center ministries, and scientific research instituts as the

the major users of the LLRSD.



2.1  The Center Government needs



Since China found in 1949, the Center Government has been paying

high attention to the land resource inventory. Especially, along

with marketing economic developing, the situation of the land

resource changes is over the level expected by the Center

Government. It has been increasing the difficulty for the Center

Government to make the agricultural planning and the macroscopic

economic decision. Therefore, It is very urgent to use GIS to

collect, store, manage the land resource.



2.2  The Center Ministry Needs



Along with computer and network developing, it is a easy way for

people to use information resources. In this case, it is able to

make scientific decision by using all kinds of information. Here,

the spatial database is a key condition. In China the most center

ministries need the land resource data. But then it is very

difficult and expensive to collect the data. For this reason,CAS

has built the LLRSD as the natural wealth.



2.3  Scientific Research Needs



For long time, Chinese geographic and agricultural scientists

have studied the land resource and its changes by outdoor

investigation. It is too slow and too hard. If there was a land

resource spatial database, the scientists would be able to work

efficiently, and to provide the suggestion of suitably using the

land resource for policymakers. In this way, some problems of the

land developing and utilizing can be avoided. For reason given

above, the LLRSD is very necessary for the geo-scientific

research too.





3.  DATA RESOURCES ANALYSIS





At the begining of this project, we had no digital maps of

landuse, province and county boundaries, major water lines and

roads etc. So we have to collect all of them.



3.1  TM Image



The newest TM image is the main information resources to create

digital landuse maps. After rectificating, the all TM image are

interpreted. The final maps are scaned and input into ArcInfo

GIS system.



3.2  Base Map



The base maps are used for accurate control and transform, as

well as the data collection of important linear features, such

as major highways and railways, water lines etc. The scales

of the base maps are 1:250,000(in the eastern part of China),

and 1:500,000(in the western part).



3.3  Thematic Map



Some old landuse maps are very good references for TM image

interpreting. The scales of the thematic maps are different from

1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000.





4.  LLRSD ESTABLISHMENT





4.1  Coordinate System



There are two coordinate systems in GIS. They are spherial

coordinate system, and Cartestian. In the LLRSD, the Cartestian

coordinate system is used. So the area, length, and location can

be measured easily.



4.2  Map Projection



Map projection in  China, is different sometimes. We must use

those map projections which suit Chinese situation. For this

reason, we selected the projection of conical qual-area with

two standard parallels. By using this projection, we can get the

least errors of the land area.



4.3  Map Scale



Just described above, there are two map scales in the LLRSD. One

is 1:250,000, and another is 1:500,000. In the eastern part of

China, the landuse has been changing faster. So the different

scales must be used in that part.



4.4  Coverage Naming



Since there are more than two thousands map sheets in the LLRSD,

we have to give the coverage names which suit hte traditional

usage.It is a efficient way to use the rows and columes of the map

sheet coding to name all coverages. In this case, each coverage

name is unique. For example, the coverage J501(Beijing,1:500,000)

can be devided into 16 map sheets(1:250,000), the names of

coverage are J5001, J5002, J5003, ......, J5016.



4.5  Layer Design



The design of layers in the LLRSD, is according to the data type

and application. The layers in the LLRSD are the following.



  .  Landuse Layer

  .  Geo-unit Layer

  .  Major Linear Featural Layer

  .  Administive Boundary Layer





5.  LLRSD PRODUCTS





So far we have two major products in the LLRSD. One is the paper

maps, and another is digital maps. The list of the digital maps

are the following.





1:500,000





               j424



     i432

j431 j432 j433 j434

          k433 k434



h441 h442      h444

i441 i442 i443 i444

j441 j442 j443 j444

k441 k442 k443 k444

     l442 l443 l444



g451 g452

h451 h452 h453 h454

i451 i452 i453 i454

j451 j452 j453 j454

k451 k452 k453 k454

l451 l452 l453 l454

          m453 m454



g461 g462

h461 h462 h463 h464

i461 i462 i463 i464

j461 j462 j463 j464

k461 k462 k463 k464

l461      l463 l464



g471

h471 h472 h473 h474

i471 i472 i473 i474

j471 j472 j473 j474

k471 k472 k473 k474



j481 j482

k481 k482 k483 k484



k491 k492

               l494



k501 k502

l501 l502 l503 l504

     m502 m503 m504



k511

l511      l513

m511 m512 m513 m514

          n513





1:250,000





      f4702 f4703 f4704

            f4707 f4708

            f4711 f4712

      g4702 g4703 g4704

      g4706 g4707 g4708

      g4710 g4711 g4712

      g4714 g4715 g4716



f4801 f4802 f4802 f4804

f4805 f4806 f4807 f4808

                  f4812

g4801 g4802 g4803 g4804

g4805 g4806 g4807 g4808

g4809 g4810 g4811 g4812

g4813 g4814 g4815 g4816

h4801 h4802 h4803 h4804

h4805 h4806 h4807 h4808

h4809 h4810 h4811 h4812

h4813 h4814 h4815 h4816

i4801 i4802 i4803 i4804

i4805 i4806 i4807 i4808

i4809 i4810 i4811 i4812

i4813 i4814 i4815 i4816

                  j4804

            j4807 j4808

j4809 j4810 j4811 j4812

j4813 j4814 j4815 j4816



e4901 e4902 e4903

e4905 e4906 e4907

f4901 f4902 f4903 f4904

f4905 f4906 f4907 f4908

f4909 f4910 f4911 f4912

f4913 f4914

g4901 g4902 g4903 g4904

g4905 g4906 g4907 g4908

g4909 g4910 g4911 g4912

g4913 g4914 g4915 g4916

h4901 h4902 h4903 h4904

h4905 h4906 h4907 h4908

h4909 h4910 h4911 h4912

h4913 h4914 h4915 h4916

i4901 i4902 i4903 i4904

i4905 i4906 i4907 i4908

i4909 i1910 i4911 i4912

i4913 i4914 i4915 i4916

j4901 j4902 j4903 j4904

j4905 j4906 j4907 j4908

j4909 j4910 j4911 j4912

j4913 j4914 j4915 j4916

k4909 k4910 k4911 k4912

k4913 k4914 k4915 k4916



f5001 f5002 f5003 f5004

f5005 f5006 f5007 f5008

f5009 f5010

f5013 f5014

g5001 g5002 g5003 g5004

g5005 g5006 g5007 g5008

g5009 g5010 g5011 g5012

g5013 g5014 g5015 g5016

h5001 h5002 h5003 h5004

h5005 h5006 h5007 h5008

h5009 h5010 h5011 h5012

h5013 h5014 h5015 h5016

i5001 i5002 i5003 i5004

i5005 i5006 i5007 i5008

i5009 i5010 i5011 i5012

i5013 i5014 i5015 i5016

j5001 j5002 j5003 j5004

j5005 j5006 j5007 j5008

j5009 j5010 j5011 j5012

j5013 j5014 j5015 j5016



f5101 f5102

f5105 f5106

f5109 f5110

g5101 g5102

g5105

g5109 g5110 g5111 g5112

g5113 g5114

h5101 h5102

h5105 h5106

h5109 h5110

h5113 h5114

i5101

i5105

i5109

i5113 i5114

j5101 j5102 j5103 j5104

j5105 j5106

j5109 j5110

j5113 j5114

            k5103 k5104

      k5106 k5107 k5108

k5109 k5110 k5111 k5112

k5113 k5114 k5115 k5116

            l5103 l5104

            l5107 l5108

      l5110 l5111 l5112

      l5114 l5115 l5116

            m5103 m5104

                  m5108

                  m5112

                  m5116

      n5110 n5111 n5112

      n5114 n5115 n5116



k5201 k5202 k5203 k5204

k5205 k5206 k5207 k5208

k5209 k5210

k5213

l5201 l5202 l5203 l5204

l5205 l5206 l5207 l5208

l5209 l5210 l5211 l5212

l5213 l5214 l5215 l5216

m5201

m5205

m5209 m5210 m5211

m5213 m5214 m5215 m5216



l5301 l5302

l5305 l5306

l5309 l5310

m5313 m5314 m5315





6.  CONCLUSION





As soon as the LLRSD built, some center ministries have already

started to use the database. We belivev the more and more

organizations will use the database. For maintaining the database,

we are to update it in every two years.



For the Sixteenth Annual Esri User Conference

Associate Professor Xiaochun Di

Institute of Geography

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Building 917, Beishatan, Beijiao

Zip code: Beijing-100101

Telephone:(86-1)491-4240, 491-3470

Fax:(86-1)217-4142