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INFOCITY: City GIS Information on the Internet
INFOCITY: City GIS Information on the Internet
Modern City departments have usually large GIS databases. Due to the European legislation, they are forced to publish environmental and other information to the public. In the EnviroCity project, funded by the European Commission DG XIII in 1996, three types of users have been considered: Sophisticated High-End Users, such as City Departments, universities, research organisations; Desktop Users such as homes, schools, interested public etc. and Low-End Users using one way predefined information from the city server such as the publication of environmental conditions at a electronic information panel.
To fulfil the requirements of the EnviroCity project a pre-demonstrator user interface has been developed and tested with the databases of five European cities. The development was considered successful by the Commission and the pilot users. Therefore a second phase of implementation under the name InfoCity has been started by Esri Germany and by EPSILON Intl Greece.
The proposed and adapted GIS Solution is based on the Esri GIS Internet Strategy to provide GIS and related attribute data by user access in a client-server- architecture. At the sever side SDE and Geodata are provided via MapObjects Internet server to the HTML Browser with Java Script and MO active at the client side. The navigation through the Cities databases is supported by the EnviroCity user interface: a development out of the EnviroCity project. The GIS Solution provides therefore for the city and for the user a distributed GIS with MapObjects and Intranet at the server side and dynamic Internet access at the clients computer.
The upscaling of the current technology is based on the: implementation of Java technology; Map-objects client-server technology on top-of the spatial database engine of a city; and the upgrading of the interfacing of the developed EnviroCity Navigator to the city Web-site via the WWW so to interactively respond to remote client-user requirements at acceptable speeds and resolution requirements.
Other elements of InfoCity are: The implementation of security tools to have city database adequately secured, and the conductance of the strategic business plan that is aimed at estimating the volume to a potential business by year 2000+ (number of licenses to be sold). Furthermore, additional applications will be identified, catalogued and pursued form the business perspective as an extension of InfoCity, as for example health services and information, or transport information. During the implementation phase, InfoCity will be pursue more than 15 major EU cities from the TeleCities, EuroCities, POLIS and Car Free Cities consortia.
The software technology is based on standard GIS Internet and User Interface technology: ArcView, MapObjects, SDE, IMS ( MapObjects Internet Map Server), HTML, Java script, ActiveX, CGI/part Script and WEB Browser Software.
PROJECT PARTNERS AND PILOT USERS OF ENVIROCITY
EnviroCity Developers:
EPSILON International S.A., Greece
Esri GmbH, ILI, Germany
Esri-ES, Spain
IMPETUS International S.A., Belgium
INTERPAC, Belgium
EnviroCity Pilot Users and Validation Sites:
City of Munich , Germany
City of Antwerp, Belgium
City of Lamia, Germany
City of Vitoria, Spain
INTE*LEARN, Greece
Prefecture of Piraeus, Greece
APPROACH
The project EnviroCity developed based on ArcView a Geographical Information System to access city databases for public information, a WWW home page and interconnection software, and software for access and queries. Operational protocols will be established based on standard technologies. To develop out of the pre - demonstrator a real product for intensive use by different user levels the GIS and telematics software technolgy will be improved with InfoCity by using new Esri software tools such as SDE and MapObjects.
GOALS
A major goal of InfoCityies to use a centralized database which is available for a variety of different users, city departments and to provide better information of environmental conditions to decision makers, public and external users via telematic technology.
USER REQUIREMENTS
Different users have different user requirements and queries to environmental databases.
City administrations and agencies of the cities are data providers as well as data users. Regional users such as homes, schools, universities, planners or political parties and the public require more aggregated information.
Remote users such as European Agencies, other European Cities or interested public on the INTERNET will receive meta database information and sources for environmental data base access.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Most of the environmental data are spatial referenced. Therefore GIS plays a major role in the EnviroCity pre-demonstrator. Typical data sources for InfoCity are therefore existing maps, GIS databases, pollution measurements, attributes and statistics, remote sensing data, and dynamic data such as traffic data, emissions etc.. Also documents, hypertext and images are typical sources. Most of the environmental measurement data is stored under standard SQL technology, also data of technical infrastructure, utilities, public transportation and services etc..
ENVIROCITY PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT
To create an information system for many different cities and types of databases the prototype solution has to be simple, pragmatic, stick to standards and also easy to maintain and to use. The prototype has to take into account that data preparation and preprocessing has to be combined with existing models (e.g. air quality), the existing communication server system and the telematic systems to transfer the data and to control access and distribution to the clients. Different types of clients user interfaces related to the type of access such as touch screen terminals, large display terminals, broadcasting and televison, teletext and TV access systems or INTERNET access have to be realized.
EVALUATION METHODS
Based on existing database query and GIS technology the measurement database can be combined with environmental pollution and distribution models as well as the application of GIS tools such as overlay technology or spatial distribution of pollutants.
With the usage of these technologies more questions on the quality of the applied database or methods arise. Therefore access to meta databases and expert information has also to be provided. Institutions or cities working with environmental modelling can provide their knowledge via InfoCity to interested other data provides. Also universities or consultants are able to test their special applications of environmental modelling with InfoCity databases from different european cities.
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS AND SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE FOR InfoCity
Different technologies are affecting InfoCity applications:
Faster and cheaper computing, high resolution satellite imagery and fast image processing technologies, GPS and automated GIS data gathering, multi- media and fast communication networks.
To process and apply environmental information to the user a multi-tiered client/server architecture has to be applied with three levels of logics:
- A data logic and service logic for the InfoCity server,
- A application logic for the application server,
- and last not least a presentation logic for the enduser ( Client)
CLIENT-SERVER CONCEPT
On the InfoCity server professional GIS software is installed such as UNIX ArcInfo, an INTENET Server software and a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) software to switch between GIS and INTERNET data structures, as well as to access GIS and attribute data via INTERNET.
The environmental and planning database is organized by a standard SQL database such as ORACLE combined with the special GIS database technology SDE (Spatial Database Engine) for extremely fast multi-user access and query of GIS- and attribute information.
USER LEVELS
According to the user requirements analysis of the InfoCity project three levels of typical users have been identified:
- Public Users (Low - End - Users)
- Spohisticated Users (Desktop - Users)
- Data Providers (High - End - Users)
These users need different levels of GIS and database software such as professional GIS and DB software for the High-End Users, Desktop and PC solutions for desktop users and imbedded GIS and database functions for Low-End Users.
The EnviroCity client-server concept connects the user via standard telematics technology such as ISDN to the cities EnviroCity server.
The pre-prototype of the EnviroCity software developed with standard GIS programming tools ArcView and Avenue allows access to outside WWW users, PUBLIC KIOSKS and INFOSCREENS.
The server provides with his software tools the answers to the user requests and delivers the needed data formats to transfer the requested information via the network to the user.
INFOCITY ON INTERNET
The INTERNET strategy of InfoCity allows multitiered access using a WEB server and a WEB browser. The WEB inferface translates GIS data into map image files in HTML formats to put the query related GIS information on the INTERNET.
The analytical GIS software modules of ArcInfo produce the answers to user queries out of the SDE and ORACLE GIS information. The results are then translated and send via the network to the end user.
Related to the status of user capability direct access can also be provided in form of an ArcView or MapObject application. This means the systems architecture is really open for different user levels.
INFOCITY IMPLEMENTING NEW Esri GIS TECHNOLOGIES
New GIS technologies are needed for the final implementation of the EnviroCity software.
Beside very fast query and multi-user GIS data access such as provided by SDE technology, a META DATA CATALOGUE software has to be installed to allow logical hand helpful user guidance and navigation through the data bases provided at the EnviroCity server.
Also new, simple and fast desktop GIS functionality has to be provided such as ArcViews spatial and network analysis. Embedded GIS solutions are necessary for low end - one way information applications - provided with MapObjects technology on INTERNET.
ARCVIEW GIS FOR INFOCITY
ArcView allows the desktop user to access and manipulate GIS data directly related to attribute information, images or hypertext.
GIS functionality is provided by raster and vector integration which is important for the display of maps and images.
Spatial analysis such as search, distance, distribution, overlay etc. is provided with the raster analysis tool as well as the display of the query results with a variety of display functions for maps, viewgraphs, tables, images etc..
The NETWORK ANALYST is very helpful to analize spatial networks such as streets in combination with traffic data to calculate and display e.g. noise or car emission effects on the cities environment.
Water quality of rivers, water supply or sewer information can also be queried and displayed on linear features.
WHY MAPOBJECTS FOR INFOCITY?
MapObjects as a new GIS programmers development tool which allows to create in a very fast way fully embedded GIS applications for the end user. This object oriented technology is based on standard software development technology and therefore usable for a variety of standard hardware - and operation systems existing in the different cities
MapObjects is a technology for end user applications and based on standard operation systems such as Windows 95, NT or OS/2.
End user applications can be developed under standard software developers tools such as Visual basic, Delphi, Visual C++, VBA and others.
This technology is selected for the InfoCity prototype to program end user applications for Low-End applications at the PUBLIC KIOSK and for one way displays at the INFOSCREEN.
CONCLUSIONS
The EnviroCity pre-demonstrator delivered the necessary feedback information to develop now integrated applications for InfoCity based on standard GIS and database products.
According to the identified user levels of EnviroCity three types of products have to be combined or developed for InfoCity:
High end products for the InfoCity server:
- ArcInfo, SDE-DB, ArcView
- MetaData Catalogue
- Standard SQL Database
- Internet Server
- CGI Common Gateway Interface
- Cyberbox (Counting, Accounting)
Desktop users products - InfoCity Viewer for the sophisticated user:
- ArcView
- Regional and local City database
- ArcView user interface (Avenue sripts)
- ODBC Download software for living data
- Internet browser (Netscape)
Low end user products on a CD which includes:
- Regional and local city GIS database
- ODBC Download software for living data
- Internet Browser
- Screenplay and touchscreen user interface
- MapObjects applications with imbedded GIS functions
Prof. Dr. Jrg Schaller
Esri GmbH
Ringstrae 7
D-85402 Kranzberg, Germany
Telephone: +49-8166-380
Fax: +49-8166-3838
email: j.schaller@Esri.isar.de
Prof. Dr. Marc Bonazountas
Epsilon International SA
Monemvasias 27
GR-15125 Marousi, Greece
Telephone: +301-6800700
Fax: +301-6842420
email: epsilon@prometheus.hol.gr
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