James J. Knitis

ANALYSIS OF WEATHER ON FEDEX GROUND OPERATIONS USING GIS

Their are many sources of weather data, maps, and tables. This paper will briefly describe methods to combine these sources to assist one in understanding current and future weather patterns for any location in the United States using desktop mapping systems.



Why The Weather

The United States has the wildest weather of anyplace in the world. The normal conditions will show swings in temperature from 120 degrees F heat, -30 degrees F cold, tropical humidity, dryness of the desert, and the destructiveness of tornadoes, huricanes, snowfall, and hail storms. These weather conditions are very important and have a continued effect on every individual in the United States. Weather plays a significant factor in the operations of many businesses and/or industries in the United States. The Transportation industry watches the weather with an eagle eye.

The following table lists the historical weather for a given FedEx city station. A city station is a facility which handles the distribution logistics for a selected geographic area based on zipcodes.

Table 1. XXXA - 386 ft.
JANFEBMARAPRMAY JUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOV DECANN.
Av. High2628385366 778178705944 3054
Av. Low89203344 54595649393015 35
Precip. Days14121312 141212121211 1415153
Precip. In.1.71.71.92.6 3.03.53.53.73.1 2.72.92.232.5
Snowfall In.1818124 00000<1 72079

Map 1



Map 2


Table 2. Typical Weather Forecast

Weather Conditions at 10 AM MDT on 11 APR 97 for Alamosa, CO.
Temp(F)    Humidity(%)    Wind(mph)    Pressure(in)    Weather
========================================================================
   19          88%           SE at 6       29.99      light snow

NORTHERN SAN LUIS VALLEY/DEL NORTE AND VICINITY-
ALAMOSA COUNTY/ALAMOSA AND VICINITY-SOUTHERN SAN LUIS VALLEY-
1020 AM MDT FRI APR 11 1997

 REST OF TODAY...MOSTLY CLOUDY WITH SNOW SHOWERS LIKELY.  LOCAL
ACCUMULATIONS OF 1 TO 2 INCHES. HIGHS IN LOWER TO MID 30S. CHANCE OF
SNOW 60 PERCENT.
 TONIGHT...PARTLY CLOUDY.  LOWS IN THE TEENS.
 SATURDAY...MOSTLY CLOUDY WITH A 20 PERCENT CHANCE OF SNOW
SHOWERS. HIGHS IN THE UPPER 30S AND LOWER 40S.


                 *************************
                 Special weather statement
                 *************************

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PUEBLO CO
1000 AM MDT FRI APR 11 1997

 ..SNOW ADVISORY FOR SANGRE DE CRISTOS AND WET MOUNTAINS HAS BEEN
CANCELLED...

THE STORM SYSTEM THAT BROUGHT SNOW TO SOUTHEAST COLORADO HAS MOVED EAST
OF THE STATE...AND THE HEAVIER SNOW IN THE SANGRE DE CRISTO AND WET
MOUNTAINS HAS ENDED.  THE SNOW ADVISORY FOR THESE REGIONS HAS BEEN
CANCELLED.

A WEAK DISTURBANCE WILL MOVE ACROSS SOUTHERN COLORADO THIS AFTERNOON
BRINGING SNOW SHOWERS TO THE MOUNTAINS AND SCATTERED SNOW SHOWERS OVER
THE PLAINS.  IN THE MOUNTAINS AND SAN LUIS VALLEY SOME AREAS CAN RECEIVE
1 TO 3 INCHES FROM THE HEAVIER SNOW SHOWERS.

SOME SNOWFALL TOTALS FROM THE STORM LAST NIGHT.

CUCHARA.............14 INCHES
WESTCLIFFE........8-10 INCHES
     .
     .
     .
PUEBLO AIRPORT.......2 INCHES
COLORADO SPRINGS AP.....TRACE


                 ***********************
                 State extended forecast
                 ***********************
 ..EXTENDED FORECAST...

 SUNDAY...A CHANCE OF SNOW SHOWERS IN THE MOUNTAINS.  DRY ELSEWHERE.
LOWS ZERO TO 15 ABOVE MOUNTAINS AND 10 TO 25 LOWER ELEVATIONS.
HIGHS IN THE 30S TO LOWER 40S MOUNTAINS...40S TO LOWER 50S AT LOWER
ELEVATIONS.

 MONDAY...A CHANCE OF SNOW NORTHERN MOUNTAINS...DRY ELSEWHERE.  LOWS
IN THE 20S TO LOWER 30S EXCEPT 5 TO 20 MOUNTAINS.  HIGHS IN THE 30S TO
LOWER 40S MOUNTAINS...MOSTLY 50S WEST AND 55 TO 65 EAST.

 TUESDAY...A CHANCE OF SNOW MOUNTAINS AND A CHANCE OF RAIN SHOWERS
NORTHWEST.  LOWS 25 TO 35...WITH TEENS AND LOWER 20S IN THE
MOUNTAINS.  HIGHS UPPER 50S AND 60S...35 TO 45 IN THE MOUNTAINS.



Conclusion

In the past, weather systems and GIS have not shared resources but as I have attempted to show, this may change in the future. The data and computer systems are available.

References


Beddoe,David. GIS MEETS WEATHER PROCESSING HEAD-ON, GIS World, Feb. 1997.

Earthinfo Inc.; NCDC SUMMARY OF THE DAY, Boulder CO, 1996.

Loffman,Tom; Traveler's Weather Guide , Ten Speed Press, 1996.

National Climatic Data Center, http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov, Interactive Visualization of Climate Data, 1997.

Williams, Jack; The Weather Book, AN EASY-TO-UNDERSTAND GUIDE TO THE USA's WEATHER, Vintage Books, 1992.


James J. Knitis
Senior Technical Advisor
FedEx
2831 Airways Blvd
Memphis, TN 38132
Telephone:(901)395-7340
Fax:(901)395-7451
E-mail:jjknitis@fedex.com